Nitrate and Ammonium Deposition in the Midwestern Fragmented Forest

Whereas the impacts of N deposition on forest ecosystems have been well studied in remote areas predominantly forested landscapes, we know relatively less about forests heavily human-modified landscapes. We influence adjacent land use, local point sources, and woodlot stand structure subcanopy transport enrichment via throughfall three fragments southern Lower Michigan, USA. found that one site had markedly higher TF concentrations compared to other two; however, our data indicate elevated resulted from differences tree species composition, rather than surrounding use. Specifically, observed abundance basswood (Tilia americana) was positively associated northern red oak (Quercus rubra) negatively with concentrations. One greater fluxes two, which driven by a lack understory vegetation, possibly due deer browsing at this site. Together, results study demonstrated were more strongly influenced internal characteristics fragmented woodlots, such as